Séminaires

Travaux en Econométrie et Microéconomie Appliquée (TEMA)

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Prochainement

• Jeudi 20 juin 12:00-13:30

  Maison des Sciences Economiques, Salle S18

  Steffen ANDERSEN (Copenhagen Business School)

Archives

• Jeudi 18 avril 12:00-13:30

  Maison des Sciences Economiques, Salle S17

  Philip MERRIGAN (UQAM) :
  The distributional impacts of a universal school reform on mathematical achievements : a natural experiment from Canada

  Abstract

  We investigate the impact of an ambitious provincial school reform in Canada on students’ mathematical achievements. It is the first paper to exploit a universal school reform of this magnitude to identify the causal effect of a widely supported teaching approach on students’ math scores. Our data set allows us to differentiate impacts according to the number of years of treatment and the timing of treatment. Using the changes-in-changes model, we find that the reform had negative effects on students’ scores at all points on the skills distribution and that the effects were larger the longer the exposure to the reform.

  1 document à télécharger

  • info document (PDF, 362.5 ko)

• Jeudi 28 mars 12:00-13:30

  Maison des Sciences Economiques, Salle S18

  Thomas LEMIEUX (University of British Columbia) :
  Performance Pay and the Covariance Structure of Earnings and Hours (avec W. Bentley MacLeod et Daniel Parent)

  Abstract

  Using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, we study how the aucovariance structure of wages and earnings differs under different contractual arrangements. We divide jobs on the basis of whether they pay for performance, and whether they are covered by collective bargaining agreements. While cross-sectional wage inequality is larger in performance-pay than non-performance-pay jobs, precisely the opposite happens in the case of annual earnings. This suggests that hours of work respond more to demand shocks when wages are inflexible (in non-performance-pay jobs) than when they are flexible because of performance-pay schemes. This result only holds, however, for purely cross-sectional measures of inequality. Since the variation in hours is mostly transitory, from a long-run perspective inequality remains larger in performance-pay than non-performance-pay jobs.

  1 document à télécharger

  • info document (PDF, 454.7 ko)

• Jeudi 21 février 12:00-13:30

  Maison des Sciences Economiques, Salle S17

  Philippe FEVRIER (CREST) :
  Automobile Prices in Market Equilibrium with Unobserved Price Discrimination (avec Xavier D’Haultfoeuille et Isis Durrmeyer)

  Abstract

  This paper deals with the estimation of structural models of demand and supply with incomplete information on prices. When the seller is able to price discriminate, or the buyer to bargain, individuals pay different prices that are usually not collected in the data. This paper explores a method to estimate the supply and demand models jointly when only list prices are observed. We consider that heterogenous transaction prices occur due to price discrimination by firms on observable characteristics of consumers. Within this framework, the identification is secured by (i) supposing that at least one group of individuals does pay the list prices and (ii) assuming that the marginal costs of producing and selling the goods does not depend on the characteristics of the buyers. This methodology is applied to estimate the demand in the new automobile market in France. Results suggest that discounting arising from price discrimination is important. The average discount is estimated to be 8.9%, with large variation according to the buyers’ characteristics. Our results are in line with rebates observed in the automobile market in UK.

• Jeudi 31 janvier 12:00-13:30

  Maison des Sciences Economiques, Salle S18

  David PEREZ-CASTRILLO (Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona) :
  Innovation contests

  Abstract

  We study innovation contests with asymmetric information and identical contestants, where contestants’ efforts and innate abilities generate inventions of varying qualities. The designer offers a reward to the contestant achieving the highest quality and receives the revenue generated by the innovation. We characterize the equilibrium behavior, outcomes and payoffs for both nondiscriminatory and discriminatory (where the reward is contestant-dependent) contests. We derive conditions under which the designer obtains a larger payoff when using a discriminatory contest and describe settings where these conditions are satisfied.

  1 document à télécharger

  • info document (PDF, 375.5 ko)

• Jeudi 20 décembre 2012 12:00-13:30

  Maison des Sciences Economiques, Salle S18

  Rob ALESSIE (University of Gröningen) :
  Pension wealth and household savings in Europe : evidence from SHARELIFE (avec Viola Angelini et Peter van Santen)

  Abstract

  We use recently collected retrospective survey data to estimate the displacement effect of pension wealth on household savings. The third wave of the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe, SHARELIFE, collects information on the entire job history of the respondent, a feature missing in most previous studies. We show that addressing measurement error problems is crucial to estimate the displacement effect when using survey data. We find that each euro of pension wealth is associated with a 47 (61) cent decline in non–pension wealth using robust (median) regression. In the presence of biases from measurement errors and omitted unobserved) variables, we estimate a lower bound to the true offset between 17% and 30%, significantly different from zero. Instrumental variables regression estimates, although less precise, suggest full displacement.

  1 document à télécharger

  • info document (PDF, 324.4 ko)

• Jeudi 29 novembre 2012 12:00-13:30

  Maison des Sciences Economiques, Salle S18

  Ragui ASSAAD (University of Minnesota) :
  Does Improved Local Supply of Schooling Enhance Intergenerational Mobility in Education : Evidence from Jordan ? (avec Mohamed SALEH)

  Abstract

  This paper examines the effect of increased local supply of schooling on intergenerational mobility in education in Jordan. We use a unique data set that links individual data on own schooling and parents’ schooling for adults, from a household survey, with the supply of schooling in the district of birth, from Ministry of Education data. We identify the effect by exploiting the variation in the supply of basic and secondary schools over time and across sub-districts in Jordan, controlling for both cohort and sub-district of birth fixed effects. School availability is determined based on the existence of a sex-appropriate school in the individual’s sub-district of birth at the time the individual was ready to start that schooling stage. Our findings show that the local availability of schools does in fact increase intergenerational mobility in schooling. For instance, a one standard deviation increase in the local supply of basic schooling reduces the association between father’s and son’s schooling by 5 percent. The effect is larger for an older generation (ages 40-70) whose schooling would have been more constrained by the supply of schooling than for a younger generation (ages 25-39). Moreover, the supply of basic schools appears to matter more for boys and the supply of secondary schools appears to matter more for girls.

  1 document à télécharger

  • info document (PDF, 543.9 ko)

• Jeudi 4 octobre 2012 12:00-13:30

  Hermann GARTNER (Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg, Allemagne) :
  Gender wage inequality in firms, occupations and job-cells (avec Thomas Hinz (University of Konstanz, Allemagne))

  Abstract

  Whereas educational inequalities between women and men and differences in labor market participation shrank or even diminished during the last decades, the gender pay gap remained stable over time. This is remarkable because the pay gap has attracted much more attention as the main target of anti-discrimination policies. Using data from the IAB (Institute for Employment Research), we analyze whether the average pay gap between women and men working full-time can be explained by their employment in different industries, occupations, and firms. As the smallest level of analysis we focus on occupations within firms (job cells). This strategy of analysis yields the best possible approximation to the concept of « within-job wage gap ». The results show that women with equivalent training and occupational experience earn wages that are 12 percent less than the wages of men in such job cells. Even though the educational participation of women rose to that of their male counterpart, the gender composition of labor market participation changed and the pressure of equal employment policies grew, the gender wage gap does not decrease within our observation period (1993-2008).

• Jeudi 4 octobre 2012 12:00-13:30

  Maison des Sciences Economiques, Salle S18

  Hermann GARTNER (Institute for Employment Research, Nuremberg, Allemagne) :
  Gender wage inequality in firms, occupations and job-cells (avec Thomas Hinz (University of Konstanz, Allemagne))

  Abstract

  Whereas educational inequalities between women and men and differences in labor market participation shrank or even diminished during the last decades, the gender pay gap remained stable over time. This is remarkable because the pay gap has attracted much more attention as the main target of anti-discrimination policies. Using data from the IAB (Institute for Employment Research), we analyze whether the average pay gap between women and men working full-time can be explained by their employment in different industries, occupations, and firms. As the smallest level of analysis we focus on occupations within firms (job cells). This strategy of analysis yields the best possible approximation to the concept of “within-job wage gap”. The results show that women with equivalent training and occupational experience earn wages that are 12 percent less than the wages of men in such job cells. Even though the educational participation of women rose to that of their male counterpart, the gender composition of labor market participation changed and the pressure of equal employment policies grew, the gender wage gap does not decrease within our observation period (1993-2008).

• Lundi 25 juin 2012 11:00-12:30

  MSE (S18), 106 Bd de l’hopital, Paris 13

  TEMA

  Jean-Marc Fournier (OCDE) :
  The Drivers of Labour Earnings Inequality – An Analysis Based on Conditional and Unconditional Quantile Regressions

  Abstract

  (with Isabell Koske)
  Unconditional and conditional quantile regressions are used to explore the determinants of labour earnings at different parts of the distribution and, hence, the determinants of overall labour earnings inequality. The analysis combines several household surveys to provide comparable estimates for 32 countries. The empirical work suggests that, in general, a rise in the share of workers with an upper-secondary or post-secondary non-tertiary degree, a rise in trade union membership, a rise in the share of public employment and a rise in the share of workers on permanent contracts are associated with a narrowing of the earnings distribution. By contrast, a shift in the sector composition of the economy is not found to have a large impact on overall earnings inequality. As for tertiary education, the impact remains ambiguous as there are several offsetting forces.

  1 document à télécharger

  • Paper (HTML, 21.5 ko)

• Lundi 18 juin 2012 11:00-12:30

  MSE (S18), 106 Bd de l’hopital, Paris 13

  TEMA-IO

  Armin Schmutzler (University of Zurich) :
  Auctions vs Negotiations in Public Procurement Which Works Better ?

  Abstract

  (with Rafael Lalive)
  Public agencies rely on two key modes to procure goods and services : auctions and direct negotiations.
  The relative advantages of these two modes are still imperfectly understood. This paper therefore studies
  public procurement of regional passenger railway services in Germany, where regional agencies can use
  auctions and negotiations to procure regional passenger rail services. This offers the unique opportunity to
  assess the two procurement modes within the same institutional and legal framework. We first characterize
  the decisions of the agency in a simple reduced form framework of negotiations and auctions. This analysis
  suggests accounting for the endogeneity of the choice of procurement mode by estimating the mode of
  procurement, quantity and price simultaneously. We then test this framework using information on
  lines that were auctioned and lines that were directly negotiated with the former monopolist. Results
  indicate (i) endogeneity of procurement choice can be fully characterized by observed line characteristics ;
  (ii) frequency of service is 16 percent higher on lines that were auctioned compared to lines that were
  negotiated, and (iii) the procurement price is 25 percent lower on auctioned lines than on those with direct
  negotiations. Taken together, these results indicate a significant efficiency enhancing effect of auctions.

• Lundi 11 juin 2012 11:00-12:30

  MSE (S18), 106 Bd de l’hopital, Paris 13

  TEMA

  Arthur Lewbel (Boston College) :
  Generalized Random Coefficients with Equivalence Scale Applications

  Abstract

  (with Krishna Pendakur)
  We propose a generalization of random coefficients models, in which the regression model is additive (or additive with interactions) rather than linear, and each regressor is multiplied by an unobserved error. We show nonparametric identification of the model. In addition to providing a natural generalization of random coefficients, we provide economic motivations for the model based on demand system estimation. In these applications, the random coefficients can be interpreted as random utility parameters that take the form of Engel scales or Barten scales, which in the past were estimated as deterministic preference heterogeneity or household technology parameters. We apply these results to consumer surplus and related welfare calculations.

• Lundi 4 juin 2012 11:00-12:30

  MSE (S18), 106 Bd de l’hopital, Paris 13

  TEMA

  Arthur Van Soest (Tilburg University) :
  Labor Supply Heterogeneity and Demand for Child Care of Mothers with Young Children

  Abstract

  (with atricia Apps, Jan Kabatek and Ray Rees)
  This paper introduces a static structural model of hours of market labor
  supply, time spent on child care and other domestic work, and bought in child
  care for married or cohabiting mothers with pre-school age children. The
  father’s behavior is taken as given. The main goal is to analyze the
  sensitivity of hours of market work, parental child care,
  other household production and formal child care to the wage rate, the price of
  child care, taxes, benefits and child care subsidies. To account for the
  non-convex nature of the budget sets and, possibly, the household technology, a
  discrete choice model is used. The model is estimated using the HILDA dataset,
  a rich household survey of the Australian population, which contains detailed
  information on time use, child care demands and the corresponding prices.
  Simulations based on the estimates show that the time allocations of women with
  pre-school children are highly sensitive to changes in wages and the costs of
  child care. A policy simulation suggests that labor force participation and
  hours of market work would increase substantially in a fiscal system based
  solely on individual rather than joint taxation.
  Available on SSRN

• Lundi 21 mai 2012 11:00-12:30

  MSE (S18), 106 Bd de l’hopital, Paris 13

  TEMA-IO

  Jose Luis Moraga-Gonzalez (Groningen University) :
  Search Costs, Demand-Side Economies and the Incentives to merge under Bertrand Competition

  Abstract

  (with Vaiva Petrikaite)
  This paper studies the incentives to merge in a Bertrand competition model where firms sell differentiated products and consumers search for satisfactory deals. In the pre-merger symmetric equilibrium, the probability that a firm is the next one to be visited by a consumer is equal across firms not yet visited. However, in the short-run after a merger, because insiders raise their prices more than what the outsiders do, consumers start searching for good deals at the non-merging stores. Only when they do not find any product satisfactory enough, they continue searching at the merging stores. When search costs are suffi-ciently large, consumer tra-ffic from the non-merging firms to the merged ones is so small that mergers become unprofitable. This new merger paradox,which is more likely the higher the number of non-merging firms, can be overcome in the mediumto long-run if the merging firms choose to stock their shelves with all the products of the constituent firms, which generates sizable search economies. Such demand-side economies can confer the merging firms a prominent position in the marketplace, in which case their price may even be lower than the price of the outsiders. In that case, consumers visit first the merged entity and the firms outside the merger lose out. Search cost economies may render a merger beneficial for consumers and so overall welfare may increase.
  Available on Ideas

• Lundi 14 mai 2012 11:00-12:30

  MSE (S3), 106 Bd de l’hopital, Paris 13

  TEMA

  Marco Francesconi (University of Essex) :
  Anatomy of Welfare Reform : Announcement and Implementation Effects

  Abstract

  (with Richard Blundell and Wilbert van der Klaauw)
  Adopting a simple model of female labor force decisions, we explore several mechanisms through which women
  can respond to the announcement and implementation of an in-work benefit reform, including intertemporal substitution,
  human capital accumulation, and labor market frictions. Using information of the precise timing of the announcement and
  implementation of a major UK in-work benefit reform, we then estimate its effects on single mothers’ behavior. We
  find important announcement effects on employment decisions that are consistent with short-run frictions in the labor
  market. Evaluations that ignore such effects produce impact estimates that are biased downwards by 15 to 35 percent.

• Lundi 30 avril 2012 11:00-12:30

  MSE (S18), 106 Bd de l’hopital, Paris 13

  TEMA-IO

  Kouroche Vafai (Université Paris Descartes) :
  Biased Supervision

• Lundi 2 avril 2012 11:00-12:30

  MSE (S18), 106 Bd de l’hopital, Paris 13

  TEMA-Gender

  Annie Cot (University Paris 1) :
  Let there be no distinction between the sexes : Bentham on the rights of women

• Lundi 26 mars 2012 12:30-13:30

  MSE (S18), 106 Bd de l’hopital, Paris 13

  TEMA-IO

  Richard Friberg (Stockholm School of Economics) :
  Ex-post merger review and divestitures

  Abstract

  (with André Romahn)
  We provide an ex-post analysis of the 2001 merger between the two largest
  brewers on the Swedish beer market. Di-erence-in-di-erence estimates suggest low
  price e-ects of the merger. This is well matched by a merger simulation, using a
  random coe-cient logit model, which predicts price increases of only 0.4 percent.
  Knowledge of the retailers markup rules allows us to discard retailer behavior as
  an explanation for the pricing patterns. We further establish that without the
  divestitures required by the competition authorities, the price increase would have
  more than doubled to 1 percent (even though still low in absolute terms).

  1 document à télécharger

  • info document (PDF, 426.7 ko)

• Lundi 19 mars 2012 11:00-12:30

  MSE (S18), 106 Bd de l’hopital, Paris 13

  TEMA

  Kjel Salvanes (Bergen Economics Department) :
  A Flying Start ? Long Term Consequences of Maternal Time Maternity Leave and Investments in Children During Their First Year of Life

  Abstract

  (with Katrine Løken and Pedro Carneiro)
  We study the impact on children of increasing the time that the mother spends with her child in the first year by exploiting a reform that increased paid and unpaid maternity leave in Norway. The reform increased maternal leave on average by 4 months and family income was unaffected. The increased time with the child led to 2.7 percentage points decline in high school dropout. For mothers with low education we find a 5.2 percentage points decline. The effect is also especially large for children of mothers who prior to the reform, would take very low levels of unpaid leave.

  1 document à télécharger

  • Paper (PDF, 1.5 Mo)

• Lundi 12 mars 2012 11:00-12:30

  MSE (S18), 106 Bd de l’hopital, Paris 13

  TEMA

  Pierre Dubois (TSE) :
  Do Prices and Nutritional Characteristics Explain Food Purchase Differences Across the US, UK and France ?

  Abstract

  (with Aviv Nevo and Rachel Griffith)
  Obesity rates and health outcomes di¤er across France, the UK and the US, in part
  due to di¤erences in food consumption. Using detailed household level data we docu-
  ment di¤erences in purchases of food for consumption at home in these three countries.
  We estimate a demand system for food and simulate choices if households face prices
  and nutritional characteristics from other countries. We …nd that changes in prices
  and characteristics would lead to substantial di¤erences in nutritional outcomes ; for
  example, if US households faced UK prices and food attributes then calories purchased
  would fall by 14%, if faced with French prices and food attributes calories purchased
  would fall by 9%.

• Lundi 5 mars 2012 11:00-12:30

  MSE (S18), 106 Bd de l’hopital, Paris 13

  TEMA-Gender

  Dominique Meurs (University of Paris Ouest, Nanterre - La Défense) :
  Testing for Discrimination Against Women and Immigrants Using Annonymous Exam Result as a Benchmark

  Abstract

  (joint with Patrick Puhani)
  To test for discrimination against women and immigrants in recruitment, we exploit a natural
  experiment in the hiring process of higher management staff in the French public sector, which is
  based on anonymous and non-anonymous nationwide entrance exams. The job applicants first have
  to pass an anonymous written exam and, if successful, an oral exam, which is not anonymous. The
  written test scores must by regulation not be known to the oral examiners, but they are known to us.
  The hiring contest exams turn out to be procedurally fair, that is, we do not find systematically worse
  oral exam results for women or immigrants once we hold the written test scores constant.
  Immigrants might even be positively discriminated.

• Lundi 13 février 2012 11:00-12:30

  MSE (S18), 106 Bd de l’hopital, Paris 13

  TEMA-IO

  Alex Gershkov (Hebrew University of Jerusalem) :
  Bayesian and Dominant Strategy Implementation Revisited

  Abstract

  We consider a standard social choice environment with linear utility and one-dimensional types. We show by counterexample that, when there are at least three physical alternatives, Bayes-Nash Incentive Compatibility (BIC) and Dominant Strategy Incentive Compatibility (DIC) need no longer be equivalent. The example with three alternatives is minimal since we do obtain a general equivalence result for settings with only two social alternatives. Our negative result does not mathematically contradict the Manelli and Vincent (2010) equivalence obtained in a one-object auction setting, but it shows that BIC-DIC equivalence is only valid in restrictive environments. Our insights are based on mathematical results about the existence of monotone measures with given monotone marginals.

• Lundi 6 février 2012 11:00-12:30

  MSE (S18), 106 Bd de l’hopital, Paris 13

  TEMA

  Daniel S. Hamermesh (Unversity of Texas at Austin) :
  The Gift of Time

  Abstract

  How would people spend time if confronted by permanent declines in market work ? We identify preferences off exogenous cuts in legislated standard hours that raised employers’ overtime costs in Japan around 1990 and Korea in the early 2000s. Using time-diaries from before and after these shocks, we predict the likelihood that an individual would have been affected by the reform. The direct effect on a newly-constrained worker was a substantial reduction in market time, with the freed-up time reallocated mostly to leisure and personal maintenance, and very slightly to household production. Simulations using GMM estimates of a Stone-Geary utility function defined over time use suggest similar results. The economy-wide drop in market work time was reallocated solely to leisure and personal maintenance. In the absence of changing household technology a permanent time gift leads to no change in time spent in household production by the average individual.

  1 document à télécharger

  • paper (PDF, 607.7 ko)

• Lundi 30 janvier 2012 11:00-12:30

  TEMA

  Hans Bloemen (Free University Amsterdam) :
  Language Proficiency of Migrants : Earnings, Job Suitability, and Job Satisfaction

  Abstract

  We empirically analyze the language proficiency of migrants in the Netherlands. Traditionally, the emphasis has been on the relation between earnings and indicators for language proficiency, motivated by the human capital theory. Here we analyze whether there is a relation between proficiency of the destination language and mismatch in the labour market. A lack of language skills may induce the migrant to work in jobs that require a lower education level than the level achieved by the migrant and/or may lead to a lower performance on the job. We use subjective survey information about job satisfaction and the fit between the migrant’s education and ability level on the one hand and the job on the other hand. We also use objective information on professional level. We find evidence for a positive relationship between job performance and language skills, and also some evidence for a positive effect on the fit between acquired education level and the required education level on the job. We also find that the age at migration (or the number of years since migration) often is a more important determinant of job satisfaction and suitability than language proficiency.

• Lundi 23 janvier 2012 11:00-12:30

  MSE (S18), 106 Bd de l’hopital, Paris 13

  TEMA-IO

  Tomaso Valetti (Unversity College of London) :
  Unbundling the incumbent : Evidence from UK broadband

• Lundi 16 janvier 2012 11:00-12:30

  MSE (S18), 106 Bd de l’hopital, Paris 13

  TEMA

  Thierry Laurent (Université Evry Val d’Essonne - UniverSud Paris) :
  Orientation sexuelle et emploi en France : les gays plus exposés au chômage que les autres ?

  Abstract

  Ce travail a pour objectif de mesurer la discrimination d’accès à l’emploi liée à l’orientation sexuelle. Il s’agit d’une première, puisqu’au niveau international très peu d’études de ce type ont été réalisées et aucune dans le cas français. L’évaluation économétrique de la discrimination d’accès à l’emploi est réalisée en empilant les données de l’enquête Emploi sur la période 1996-2009 et en identifiant des couples de même sexe à l’aide d’un critère de cohabitation. La probabilité d’être en emploi est modélisée en tenant compte de l’orientation sexuelle et de la sélection endogène mesurée par une équation de participation au marché du travail. Les résultats montrent que le taux de chômage des travailleurs gays serait de 1,6% plus élevé que celui de leurs homologues hétérosexuels, toutes choses égales par ailleurs. Cette mesure de la discrimination d’accès à l’emploi est loin d’être négligeable puisqu’elle dépasse la pénalité subie par les individus nés hors de France ou encore celle subie par les séniors. Nous montrons aussi que cette discrimination affecte prioritairement les gays de moins de 40 ans, puisque la probabilité d’être au chômage excède de 2,4% celle de leurs homologues hétérosexuels. Ce dernier résultat suggère un processus de recherche du « bon emploi » bien plus long pour les travailleurs gays que pour leurs homologues hétérosexuels.

• Lundi 9 janvier 2012 11:00-12:30

  MSE (S17), 106 Bd de l’hopital, Paris 13

  TEMA-Gender

  Denis Beninger (Berlin School of Economics and Law) :
  Estimating economic household models : Do we need better data ?

  Abstract

  Which are the determinants of the allocation of the household resources between the family members ? When investigating this question, detailed information on variables explaining the individual and household preferences as well as the intra-family decision process is crucial. However, these issues are very incompletely reported in the available data sets. In particular, expenditures for private goods are typically collected at household and not at individual level. Information on socio-demographic and socio-psychological characteristics potentially affecting the preferences or the bargaining balance inside the family is sparse too. When estimating a model of household behaviour, this lack of information leads to restrictive assumptions and limits the understanding of the family behaviour. The originality of this paper lies in the use of a new family panel for Germany PAIRFAM (Panel Analysis of Intimate Relationships and Family Dynamics), in order to evaluate economic household models, in particular the intra-family bargaining process. PAIRFAM is collected yearly since 2009, and concentrates on younger cohorts. The panel includes a large set of variables describing the individual and household characteristics from a sociological and psychological point of view, and aims to collect information on individual time-use and the expenditure structure of the family. This unique combination of detailed economic, sociological and psychological information on family issues makes this data a world-wide novelty. For the purpose of our study, we use the first wave of PAIRFAM. We complete the data with simulations for the individual and public consumption in the household, based on the information for these variables available in the third wave of the pre-test panel. Using this semi-simulated data, we estimate a bargaining household decision model. Most striking results are : (i) The additional information on the family expenditures structure allows relaxing some of the restrictions which are assumed when estimating these models from a usual data (German Socio-Economic Panel, e.g.). In particular, the spouses are not more restricted to have egoistic preferences. (ii) Part of the heterogeneity in the household decision among couples is explained by other variables than those traditionally found in similar economic studies (i.e. wages, unearned income, age, education, etc.). In particular, satisfaction in the relationship and physical attractiveness turn out to be significant determinants of the sharing rule, supporting empirical and theoretical findings of the socio-psychological literature. Therefore, a data containing the household expenditures structure (for a few typical goods), individual time-use and variables describing precisely the sociologic, economic and psychological environment of the household allows investigating more precisely the intra-family issues, and gives a far better insight into the household decision process. A good understanding of how the family decides is crucial when evaluating the impact of family policies, for example.

• Mercredi 28 décembre 2011 11:00-12:30

  Christmas break

• Lundi 19 décembre 2011 11:00-12:30

  Christmas break

• Lundi 12 décembre 2011 11:00-12:30

  NOTE : takes place at Université Paris 2 : ERMES, 295 Rue Saint-Jacques, Paris 5

  TEMA-IO

  Rabah Amir (University of Arizona) :
  Network Effects, Market Structure and Industry Performance

  Abstract

  (with Natalia Lazzati)
  This paper provides a thorough analysis of oligopolistic markets with positive demand-side network externalities and perfect compatibility. The minimal structure imposed on the model primitives is such that industry output increases in a firmr’s rivals’ total output as well as in the expected network size. This leads to a generalized equilibrium existence treatment that includes guarantees for a nontrivial equilibrium, and some insight into possible multiplicity of equilibria. We formalize the concept of industry viability and show that it is always enhanced by having more firms in the market and/or by technological improvements. We also characterize the e¤ects of market structure on industry performance, with an emphasis on departures from standard markets. The approach relies on lattice-theoretic methods, which allow for a unified treatment of various general results in the literature on network goods. Several illustrative examples with closed-form solutions are also provided.
  Link to the paper

• Lundi 5 décembre 2011 11:00-12:30

  MSE (S17), 106 Bd de l’hopital, Paris 13

  TEMA-Gender

  Mathilde Guergoat-Larivière (Paris 1 & CEE) :
  Labour Market Regimes, Family Policies and Women’s Behaviour in the European Union

  Abstract

  (with Christine Erhel)
  This article develops a comparative perspective on women’s and mothers’ labour market situations in relation to some labour market institutions and policies (especially childcare and leave schemes), distinguishing between full-time and part-time employment, as well as non-employment. The diversity of employment regimes in the EU is examined, including the New Member States, on the basis of EU-SILC data (2007). Using PCA and then multi-level multinomial logit models, our results show the heterogeneity of national models of women’s labour market integration in Europe. The results also show the links between some policy variables and women’s behaviour, despite the fact that individual factors explain labour market situations the most. Women’s employment is positively related to formal childcare variables and negatively to informal childcare. For mothers of young children, the length of leave schemes is found to have a negative influence.

• Lundi 28 novembre 2011 11:00-12:30

  MSE (S17), 106 Bd de l’hopital, Paris 13

  TEMA

  Fabian Gouret (Universitat de Barcelona) :
  What can we learn from the fifties ?

  Abstract

  Economists have increasingly elicited from survey respondents probabilistic expectations to understand how individuals form their expectations. A robust finding is an inappropriate heap at 50, suggesting that some of these 50s are uninformative. This paper uses a new tool aiming at identifying when an answer is informative or not. Applying the method to probabilistic expectations of equity returns in the Survey of Economic Expectations, I find that 70 percent of the 50s convey no information, but they represent only half of the uninformative answers. The other uninformative answers are multiple of ten other than (0,50,100) and multiple of five but not of ten. This last finding has various implications for survey design.
  Paper

• Lundi 21 novembre 2011 11:00-12:30

  MSE (S17), 106 Bd de l’hopital, Paris 13

  TEMA

  James Davidson (University of Essex) :
  Consistent Model Specification Testing

  Abstract

  We generalize Bierens’ (1982, 1990) approach to a wider class of models and estimators. Bierens constructs consistent moment tests in the context of linear and nonlinear least squares but there are a number of mis-specifications, such as heteroskedastic errors, against which they will not typically have power. Our framework is independent of the form of the model, and covers all variants of maximum likelihood and quasi-maximum likelihood estimation and also the generalized method of moments. It has particular applications in new cases such as discrete data models, but the chief appeal of our approach is that it provides a « one size fits all » test. We specify a test based on a linear combination of individual components of the indicator vector that can be computed routinely, does not need to be tailored to the particular model, and is expected to have power against a wide class of alternatives. Although primarily envisaged as a test of functional form, this type of moment test can also be extended to testing for omitted variables.
  Full Paper

• Lundi 14 novembre 2011 11:00-12:30

  MSE (S17), 106 Bd de l’hopital, Paris 13

  TEMA-IO

  Hélène Latzer (Université de Strasbourg) :
  A Schumpeterian model of growth and inequality

  Abstract

  This paper contributes to the analysis of the effects of demand structure on long- term growth. Introducing non-homothetic preferences in an otherwise standard quality- model, we first show that disparities in purchasing power generate positive R&D in- vestment by quality leaders. This result is obtained with complete equal treatment in the R&D field between the incumbent patentholder and the challengers as well as without any concavity in the R&D cost function : in our framework, the incentive for a leader to invest in R&D stems from the possibility for an incumbent having innovated twice in a row to efficiently discriminate between rich and poor consumers display- ing differences in their willingness to pay for quality. We hence exemplify a so far overlooked demand-driven rationale for innovation by incumbents. We then move to analyzing the impact of inequalities on long-term growth in our quality-ladder frame- work, and find that a lower level of wealth disparities always leads to an increase in the long-run growth rate. Finally, we show that beyond this negative impact on growth, inequalities also influence the allocation of the overall R&D effort between incumbents and challengers : a higher level of inequalities will in most cases lead to a bigger share of the overall R&D investment to be carried out by quality leaders.

  1 document à télécharger

  • Paper (PDF, 381.9 ko)

• Lundi 7 novembre 2011 12:30-13:30

  MSE (S17), 106 Bd de l’hopital, Paris 13

  TEMA-Gender

  Pascale Petit (Université d’Evry) :
  Les effets du lieu de résidence sur l’accès à l’emploi : une expérience contrôlée sur des jeunes qualifiés en Ile-de-France

  Abstract

  Nous évaluons la discrimination à l’embauche à l’encontre des jeunes en Île-de-France à travers trois dimensions : l’effet de la réputation du lieu de résidence, l’effet du sexe et l’effet de l’origine (française ou marocaine). L’étude est réalisée sur données expérimentales selon un protocole permettant d’examiner les effets croisés de ces trois dimensions. On s’intéresse aux discriminations pour une profession qualifiée et en tension, les informaticiens de niveau Bac+5, pour laquelle les discriminations devraient a priori être très réduites. Pour cette profession, nous avons construit douze profils fictifs de candidats similaires en tous points, à l’exception de la caractéristique testée. Nous examinons la discrimination territoriale en localisant les candidats fictifs dans trois communes du Val-d’Oise : Enghien-les-Bains (réputée favorisée), Sarcelles (réputée défavorisée) et Villiers-le-Bel (réputée défavorisée et ayant connu des émeutes urbaines médiatisées en 2007). Entre mi-décembre 2008 et fin janvier 2009, nous avons envoyé 3 684 candidatures en réponse à 307 offres d’emploi. Nous trouvons trois résultats principaux. Premièrement, l’origine marocaine est discriminante surtout pour les femmes qui résident à Sarcelles. Deuxièmement, alors que les candidates d’origine française sont favorisées par rapport aux hommes quand elles résident à Enghien, les candidates d’origine marocaine sont défavorisées par rapport aux hommes d’origine marocaine quand elles résident à Sarcelles. Troisièmement, nous trouvons une discrimination territoriale qui affecte exclusivement les femmes. Résider dans une commune défavorisée (Villiers-le-Bel ou Sarcelles) plutôt que dans une commune favorisée (Enghienles- Bains) réduit la probabilité d’une candidate d’accéder à un entretien d’embauche, quelle que soit son origine.

  1 document à télécharger

  • Papier (PDF, 217.4 ko)

• Lundi 31 octobre 2011 11:00-12:30

  Fall break

• Lundi 24 octobre 2011 11:00-12:30

  Fall break

• Lundi 17 octobre 2011 11:00-12:30

  MSE (S17), 106 Bd de l’hopital, Paris 13

  TEMA

  Arne Uhlendorff (University of Mannheim) :
  Marginal Employment, Unemployment Duration and Job Match Quality

  Abstract

  In some countries like Germany unemployed workers can increase their income during job search by taking up ``marginal employment’’ up to a threshold without any benefit deduction. We analyze the impact of entering marginal employment on employment outcomes of unemployed individuals. Our results suggest that marginal employment has on average no significant impact on the probability of leaving unemployment for a regular job, leads to more stable employment spells and has no impact on wages. We find strong evidence for time varying treatment effects : while we do not find any significant impact for the first 12 months of unemployment, job finding probabilities clearly increase after one year and the impact on job stability is stronger if the jobs are taken up later in the unemployment spell.

• Lundi 10 octobre 2011 11:00-12:30

  MSE (S17), 106 Bd de l’hopital, Paris 13

  TEMA-IO

  Nicolas Sahuguet (HEC Montréal) :
  Decentralizing deterrence, with an application to labor tax auditing

  1 document à télécharger

  • info document (PDF, 377.3 ko)

• Lundi 3 octobre 2011 11:00-12:30

  MSE (S17), 106 Bd de l’hopital, Paris 13

  TEMA-Gender

  Ray Rees (Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München) :
  Optimal Piecewise Linear Income Taxation

  Abstract

  Given its significance in practice, the piecewise linear tax system seems to have received disproportionately little attention in the literature on optimal income taxation. This paper offers a simple and transparent analysis of its main characteristics.We fully characterize optimal tax parameters for the cases in which budget sets are convex and nonconvex respectively. A numerical analysis of a discrete version of the model shows the circumstances under which each of these cases will hold as a global optimum. We …find that, given plausible parameter values and wage distributions, the globally opti- mal tax system is convex, and marginal rate progressivity increases with rising inequality.

  1 document à télécharger

  • Paper (PDF, 601.4 ko)

• Lundi 16 mai 2011 11:00-12:30

  MSE (S18), 106 Bd de l’hopital, Paris 13

  Bernard Fortin (Université Laval) :
  Peer Effects, Fast Food Consumption and Adolescent Weight Gain

  Abstract

  This paper aims at opening the black box of peer effects in adolescent weight gain. Using Add Health data on secondary schools in the U.S., we investigate whether these effects partly flow through the eating habits channel. Adolescents are assumed to interact through a friendship social network. We first propose a social interaction model of fast food consumption using a generalized spatial autoregressive approach. We exploit results by Bramoullé, Djebbari and Fortin (2009) which show that intransitive links within a network (i.e., a friend of one of my friends is not my friend) help identify peer effects. The model is estimated using maximum likelihood and generalized 2SLS strategies. We also estimate a panel dynamic weight gain production function relating an adolescent’s Body Mass Index (BMI) to his current fast food consumption and his lagged BMI level. Results show that there are positive significant peer effects in fast food consumption among adolescents belonging to a same friendship school network. The estimated social multiplier is 1.59. Our results also suggest that, at the network level, an extra day of weekly fast food restaurant visits increases BMI by 2.4%, when peer effects are taken into account.
  Link to the paper

• Lundi 25 avril 2011 11:00-12:30

  Spring break - no seminar

• Lundi 11 avril 2011 11:00-12:30

  Spring break - no seminar

• Jeudi 7 avril 2011 12:30-13:30

  Job market talks - no seminar

• Lundi 21 mars 2011 11:00-12:30

  MSE (S18), 106 Bd de l’hopital, Paris 13

  Ayako Kondo (Osaka University) :
  Long-term effects of labor market conditions on family formation for Japanese youth
  Homepage

  Abstract

  (joint with Yuki Hashimoto).
  This study aims to examine how each cohort’s family formation is affected by labor market conditions experienced in youth in Japan. Although deterioration in youth employment opportunities has often been blamed for Japan’s declining marriage and fertility rates, the effects of slack labor market conditions on marriage and fertility are theoretically unclear. We estimate the effects of regional labor market conditions on marriage and fertility, controlling for nation-wide year effects and prefecture fixed effects, and find the following. First, the male unemployment rate is negatively correlated with marriage of women in the local labor market, although the correlation is weak and concentrated on the less educated group. Second, high school-educated women who experienced a recession while entering the labor market are less likely to have children and tend to marry later. In contrast, a recession at entry to the labor market rather increases fertility among college-educated women. The overall impact of labor market conditions experienced in youth on family formation is relatively weak, compared to the substantial losses in earnings and employment stability documented by the existing studies.

  1 document à télécharger

  • Paper (PDF, 491.4 ko)

• Lundi 14 février 2011 11:00-12:30

  MSE (S17), 106 Bd de l’hopital, Paris 13

  Arnaud Dupuy (Research Centre for Education and the Labour Market & Maastricht University) :
  Personality traits and the marriage market

  Abstract

  (joint work with Alfred Galichon).
  Using a unique dataset of Dutch households containing information about the education, height, BMI, health, risk preference and personality traits of both spouses, we estimate a structural model of matching proposed by Galichon and Salanié (2010). Affinity indices for both men and women are constructed by performing a Singular Value Decomposition of the estimated surplus function. These indices are independent linear combinations of observed attributes of men and women respectively. The interaction of each pair of men and women indices generates a mutually exclusive share of the total surplus. Each index therefore provides, in a natural way and with a straightforward structural interpretation, an « index of attractiveness ». Results show that personality traits matter for attractiveness in the marriage market and different traits matter differently for men and for women.

• Lundi 31 janvier 2011 11:00-12:30

  MSE (S17), 106 Bd de l’hopital, Paris 13

  Steve Burks (University of Minnesota) :
  Lab Measures of Other-Regarding Behavior Predict Some Choices in a Natural On-the-Job Social Dilemma : Evidence from Truckers
  Homepage
  Truckers & Turnover Project page

  Abstract

  (with Jon Anderson, Matthew Bombyk, Jeff Carpenter, Derek Ganzhorn, Lorenz Goette, Manjari Govada, Aldo Rustichini)
  Using field experiments and job data from 765 trainee truckers we test the ability of laboratory-style measurements of other-regarding behavior to predict behavior on the job under similar incentives. We find that other-regarding choices with respect to fellow drivers in the lab predict similar choices on the job, but do not predict costly kindness towards the firm. This suggests the lab measures a disposition that can appear on the job when the contexts are sufficiently similar.

• Lundi 17 janvier 2011 11:00-12:30

  MSE (S17), 106 Bd de l’hopital, Paris 13

  Sébastien Lecoq (ALISS, INRA) :
  Mandatory Labelling vs. Fat Tax : Evidence from the French Yogurt and Fromage Blanc Market

  Abstract

  (with Fabrice Etilé and Olivier Allais)
  A number of public health advocates and consumer associations urge policy makers to strengthen nutrient labelling rules, in order to help people to make healthier and better informed food choices. Yet, little is known about the effectiveness of mandatoiry labelling. This research evaluates the impact of a mandatory fat label policy on consumer choices in the market for ‘Fromages Blancs’ and dessert yogurts. While fat labels are mandatory since 1988 for ‘Fromages Blancs’, this is not the case for yogurts. This is a natural source of variation to identify separately consumer preferences for labels and for fat. We use a mixed logit discrete choice model and household scanner data collected in 2007 to estimate the distributions of the Willingness-To-Pay (WTP) for fat labels and simulate various counterfactual policy scenarios in a sample of casual ‘Fromages Blancs’ and dessert yogurts consumers. The WTP is negative for about one third of this population, especially for consumers of full fat dessert yogurts. The _rst simulation results suggest that a mandatory labelling policy would make these individuals switch to full fat ‘Fromages Blancs’ or to the outside options, and mandatory labelling would have more impact than a fat tax on the consumption of full fat products. Hence, variations in labelling rules have been exploited by producers to increase market segmentation by the develop-ment of dessert yogurts. We plan to re_ne these results, by taking into consideration manufacturers’ and retailers’ startegic reactions to these policies.

• Lundi 13 décembre 2010 11:00-12:30

  Amine Ouazad (INSAED) :
  Mistrust in the classroom : Evidence from English Schools

  Abstract

  How do students perceive their teachers’ biases ? Do they believe that some teachers give better grades to some students, based on gender, prior ability, race or ethnicity ? This paper tests the self-fulfilling beliefs model in the classroom. We design a large-scale experiment involving 1200 students across 29 schools to test whether students of different ethnicities and genders have different perceptions of their teachers’ grading practices. Students are asked to bet on their own performance at a test where grading is partly subjective. Differences in the level of betting reveals differences in students’ expectations. The design of the experiment controls for risk aversion by looking at changes for a given student. Results reveal that students invest more when assessed by male teachers, nonwhite students invest less than white students, and more able pupils invest more than less able pupils. Thus, classroom dynamics are likely to reinforce educational inequalities.

  1 document à télécharger

  • Paper (PDF, 410.6 ko)

• Lundi 15 novembre 2010 11:00-12:30

  Miriam Belbo (Berlin School of Economics and Law) :
  The Life-Cycle Hypothesis Revisited : Evidence on Housing Consumption after Retirement

  Abstract

  (with Sven Schreiber)
  According to the life-cycle theory of consumption and saving, foreseeable retirement events should not reduce consumption. This argument applies especially to housing consumption, whereas other consumption expenditures may fall when home production substitutes them (given higher leisure after retirement). Using micro panel data for German tenants we find that income drops at entering retirement have a negative effect on housing expenditures. This effect is not significantly stronger than the one from other income drops. While this result suggests that the strict consumption-smoothing hypothesis is violated for the subgroup of non-home owners, the effect is quantitatively small.

  1 document à télécharger

  • Article (PDF, 245 ko)

• Lundi 11 octobre 2010 11:00-12:30

  Magne Mostad (University of Oslo) :
  What Linear Estimators Miss : Re-Examining the Effects of Family Income on Child Outcomes

  Abstract

  (with Katrine V. Loken and Matthew Wiswall)
  This paper uses a rich Norwegian dataset to re-examine the causal relationship between family income and child outcomes. Motivated by theoretical predictions and OLS results that suggest a nonlinear relationship, we depart from previous studies in allowing the marginal effects on children’s outcomes of an increase in family income to vary across the income distribution. Our nonlinear IV and fixed-effect estimates show an increasing, concave relationship between family income and children’s educational attainment and IQ. The linear estimates, however, suggest small, if any, effect of family income, because they assign little weight to the large marginal effects at the lower part of the income distribution.

  1 document à télécharger

  • Article (PDF, 349.3 ko)

• Lundi 28 juin 2010 16:30-18:00

  Sandy Tubeuf, University of Leeds - Leeds Institute of Health Sciences :
  Effort or Circumstances : Does the Correlation Matter for Inequality of Opportunity in Health ?
  Page web de l’intervenante

  Abstract

  (avec F. Jusot & A. Trannoy)
  This paper proposes a method to quantify the contribution of inequalities of opportunities and inequalities due to differences in effort to be in good health to overall health inequality. It examines three alternative specifications of legitimate and illegitimate inequalities drawing on Roemer, Barry and Swift’s considerations of circumstances and effort. The issue at stake is how to treat the correlation between circumstances and effort. Using a representative French health survey undertaken in 2006 and partly designed for this purpose, and the natural decomposition of the variance, the contribution of circumstances to inequalities in self-assessed health only differs of a few percentage points according to the approach. The same applies for the contribution of effort which represents at most 8%, while circumstances can account for up to 46%. The remaining part is due to the impact of age and sex.

  1 document à télécharger

  • Papier (PDF, 737.1 ko)

• Lundi 21 juin 2010 16:30-18:00

  Seance déplacée
  Voir programme de SIMA

• Lundi 31 mai 2010 16:30-18:00

  Thierry Laurent (Université Paris-Evry) :
  Moins égaux que les autres ? Orientation sexuelle et discrimination salariale
  Page web de l’intervenant

  Abstract

  L’article présente une évaluation économétrique, sur le marché du travail français, de la discrimination salariale fondée sur l’orientation sexuelle. Il s’agit de la première étude tentant d’évaluer l’ampleur de cette discrimination en France.
  Après avoir identifié les couples de même sexe à partir de l’enquête emploi de l’INSEE, on propose des estimations du rendement de l’orientation sexuelle, dans le secteur privé et dans le secteur public, de façon à déterminer si les lesbiennes et les gays subissent une pénalité salariale. Les résultats obtenus montrent l’existence d’un désavantage salarial des homosexuels hommes par rapport à leurs homologues hétérosexuels, aussi bien dans le secteur privé que dans le secteur public; cette discrimination varie de −6.5% environ dans le secteur privé à −5.5% dans le secteur public soit une ampleur comparable à la discrimination salariale hommes/femmes. Comme dans d’autres pays, on ne peut conclure à l’existence d’une discrimination salariale à l’encontre des lesbiennes.
  Le diplôme ne protège pas les gays de la discrimination : au contraire les salariés homosexuels masculins sont d’autant plus victimes de discrimination salariale, qu’ils occupent un emploi qualifié qui les rend « visibles » dans l’entreprise et permet, via le jeu des promotions, à une discrimination « potentielle » de s’exprimer. Le lent processus d’acquisition, par l’employeur, d’information sur l’orientation sexuelle de ses salariés, se traduit en outre par des pratiques discriminatoires d’autant plus marquées que le salarié homosexuel a de l’ancienneté dans l’entreprise et qu’il est âgé.
  Dans la mesure où l’ensemble des salariés homosexuels présents dans notre échantillon, ne sont pas identifiés comme tels par leurs employeurs, ceux qui le sont subissent certainement une discrimination plus forte que la discrimination « moyenne » que nous estimons. Ceci souligne l’importance des pratiques discriminatoires à l’encontre des gays sur le marché du travail français.

  1 document à télécharger

  • Paper (PDF, 406.8 ko)

• Lundi 17 mai 2010 16:30-18:00

  Victor Lavy, Hebrew University of Jerusalem :
  Differences Within and Across Countries in Instructional Time and Achievements in Math, Science and Reading : A Causal Link ?
  Page web de l’intervenant

  Abstract

  There are large differences across countries in instructional time in schooling institutions. Can these differences explain some of the differences across countries in pupils‘ achievements in different subjects ? While research in recent years provides convincing evidence about the effect of several inputs in the education production function, there is limited evidence on the effect of classroom instructional time. Such evidence is of policy relevance in many countries, and it became very concrete recently as President Barrack Obama announced the goal of extending the school week and year as a central objective in his proposed education reform for the US. In this paper, I estimate the effects of instructional time on students‘ academic achievement in math, science and reading. I estimate non-linear instructional time effects controlling for unobserved heterogeneity of both pupils and schools. The evidence from a sample of 15 year olds from over fifty countries that participated in PISA 2006 consistently shows that instructional time has a positive and significant effect on test scores. The effect is large relative to the standard deviation of the within pupil test score distribution. I obtain similar evidence from a sample of 10 and 13 year olds in Israel. The OLS results are highly biased upward but the within student estimates are very similar across groups of developed and middle-income countries and age groups. Evidence from primary and middle schools in Israel is similar to the evidence from OECD countries. However, the estimated effect of instructional time in the sample of developing countries is much lower than the effect size in the developed countries. I also show that the productivity of instructional time is higher in countries that implemented school accountability measures, and in countries that give schools autonomy in hiring and firing teachers.

  1 document à télécharger

  • Papier (PDF, 641.6 ko)

• Lundi 3 mai 2010 16:30-18:00

  Robert Breunig (Australian National University - Research School of Social Sciences) :
  Chid Care in Australia
  Page web de l’intervenant

  Abstract

  (papiers disponibles en documents de travail)
  Paper 1 : we examine whether responses to survey questions about child care availability, quality, and cost, aggregated at the local geographical level, have any explanatory power in models of maternal labour supply. We find that married women who live in areas with more reports of lack of availability, low quality, or costly child care work less than women in areas with fewer reported difficulties with child care. We find this effect on both the hours of labour supplied and on the part-time/full-time choice. We find few effects for lone parents.
  Paper 2 : The question of the responsiveness of Australian women’s labour supply to child care costs has been a matter of some debate. Running counter to anecdotal evidence and being arguably counter-intuitive, there is, though, a widespread view that the level of responsiveness is very low or negligible for all women with young children. In this paper we review the Australian and international literature on labour supply and child care, and provide improved estimates of labour supply and child care demand elasticities with respect to child care prices for Australia. We find that the limited literature in Australia suffer from measurement error problems due to limitations in the modelling and insufficiency of information on child care price and child care usage. We address this problem by extending the standard labour supply and child care model to allow for separate effects of different child care prices for children of different age ranges and by using the median child care price at the local Labour Force Survey Region level constructed from child-specific prices for the analysis. The salient finding is that child care prices have significant effects both on mothers’ labour supply and child care demand. Based upon the latest three waves of HILDA data (2005-2007), the point estimate for the elasticity of mothers’ labour force participation with respect to the average child care price is -0.29, which is significantly larger in magnitude than that found in previous studies for Australia, but which is well in accordance with international findings. The robustness of this finding is supported by repeating the analysis for the earlier three waves (2002-2004).

• Lundi 12 avril 2010 16:30-18:00

  Brigitte Dormont, Université Paris Dauphine :
  Ownership and hospital productivity : assessing the impact of inefficiency and the roles of patient and production characteristics
  avec Carine Milcent (PSE)
  Page web de l’intervenante

  Abstract

  There is ongoing debate about the effect of ownership on hospital performance as regards efficiency and care quality. This paper proposes an analysis of the differences in productivity and efficiency between French public and private hospitals. In France, public and private hospitals do not only differ in their objectives. They are also subject to different rules as regards investments and human resources management. In addition, they were financed according to different payment schemes until 2004 : a global budget system was used for public hospitals, while private hospitals were paid on a fee-for-service basis.
  Since 2004, a prospective payment system (PPS) with fixed payment per stay in a given DRG is gradually introduced for both private and public hospitals. Payments generally differ for the same DRG, depending on whether the stay occurred in a private or public hospital. By 2018, a convergence of payments between the private and public sector should be achieved. Pursuing such a convergence comes down to suppose that there are differences in efficiency between private and public hospitals, which would be reduced by the introduction of competition between these two sectors.
  The purpose of this paper is to compare the productivity of public and private hospitals in France. We try to assess the respective impacts, on productivity differences, of differences in efficiency, patient characteristics and production composition. The literature devoted to hospital performances generally considers cost functions, which have the great advantage to makes it possible to deal with the multiproduct activity of hospitals. Our data does not provide reliable information at hospital level about costs per stay in private hospitals. Moreover, we have no information about factor prices. Therefore, we have chosen to estimate a production function. For that purpose, we have defined a variable measuring the volume of care services provided by each hospital, synthetizing the hospital multiproduct activity into one homogenous output.
  Our data comes from two administrative sources which record exhaustive information about French hospitals. Matching these two database provides us an original source of information, at the hospital-year level, about both the production composition (number of stays in each DRG), and production factors (number of beds, facilities, number of doctors, nurses, of administrative and support staff, etc.). We observe 1,604 hospitals over the period 1998-2003, of which 642 hospitals are public, 126 are private not-for-profit and 836 are private-for-profit. This database is relative to acute care and covers more than 95 % French hospitals.
  We use a stochastic production frontier approach combined with hospitals fixed effects. We find that the lower productivity of public hospitals is not explained by inefficiency (distance to the frontier), but oversized establishments, patient characteristics and production characteristics (small proportion of surgical stays). Once patient and production characteristics are taken into account, large and medium sized public hospitals appear to be more efficient than private hospitals. As a result, payment convergence would provide incentives for public hospitals to change the composition of their supply for care.

• Lundi 22 mars 2010 16:30-18:00

  Pas de séminaire (Recrutements)

• Lundi 8 mars 2010 16:30-18:00

  Alfred Galichon, Ecole Polytechnique :
  Set Identification in Models with Multiple Equilibria
  Page web de l’intervenant
  Papier

  Abstract

  We propose a computationally feasible way of deriving the identified features of models with multiple equilibria in pure or mixed strategies. It is shown that in the case of Shapley regular normal form games, the identified set is characterized by the inclusion of the true data distribution within the core of a Choquet capacity, which is interpreted as the generalized likelihood of the model. In turn, this inclusion is characterized by a finite set of inequalities and efficient and easily implementable combinatorial methods are described to check them. In all normal form games, the identified set is characterized in terms of the value of a submodular or convex optimization program. Efficient algorithms are then given and compared to check inclusion of a parameter in this identified set. The latter are illustrated with family bargaining games and oligopoly entry games.

• Lundi 22 février 2010 16:30-18:00

  Pas de séminaire (Recrutements)

• Lundi 8 février 2010 16:30-18:00

  Pas de séminaire (Recrutements)

• Lundi 25 janvier 2010 16:30-18:00

  MSE

  Nicholas Feltovich, University of Aberdeen :
  Experimental evidence of a sunk-cost paradox : a study of pricing behavior in Bertrand-Edgeworth duopoly
  Page web de l’intervenant
  Papier

  Abstract

  We experimentally test the effect of sunk costs on decision making. In the experiment, subjects play the role of price-setting duopolists. Both firms have identical costs, including an exogenous sunk cost that varies across sessions over six different values. We observe that the sunk cost has a U-shaped effect : from low to medium levels, average prices decrease, but from medium to high levels, average prices increase. This effect, which is consistent with loss avoidance, develops quickly and persists throughout the game. A follow-up experiment confirms the main results of the original experiment.

• Lundi 11 janvier 2010 16:30-18:00

  MSE

  Yann Algan, SciencesPo. Paris :
  Family Values and the Regulation of Labor
  Page web de l’intervenant

  Abstract

  Flexible labor markets requires geographically mobile workers to be efficient. Otherwise, firms can take advantage of the immobility of workers and extract monopsony rents. In cultures with strong family ties, moving away from home is costly. Thus, individuals with strong family ties rationally choose regulated labor markets to avoid moving and limiting the monopsony power of firms, even though regulation generates lower employment and income. Empirically, we do find that individuals who inherit stronger family ties are less mobile, have lower wages, are less often employed and support more stringent labor market regulations. There are also positive cross-country correlations between the strength of family ties and labor market rigidities. Finally, we find positive correlations between labor market rigidities at the beginning of the twenty first century and family values prevail- ing before World War II, which suggests that labor market regulations have deep cultural roots.

  1 document à télécharger

  • Paper (PDF, 392.2 ko)

• Lundi 14 décembre 2009 16:30-18:00

  MSE

  Kathryn Shaw, Stanford Graduate School of Business :
  Insider Econometrics : A Roadmap for Estimating Empirical Models of Organizational Design and Performance
  Page web de l’intervenant

  Abstract

  (with Casey Ichniowski)

• Lundi 23 novembre 2009 16:30-18:00

  MSE

  Etienne Wasmer, SciencesPo. Paris :
  A model of a non-walrasian economy with three imperfect markets : some economics of « multi-frictional economies »
  Première partie de la séance basée sur : The cyclical volatility of labor markets under frictional financial markets
  Page web de l’intervenant

  Abstract

  The Keynesian and neo-Keynesian agendas were originally to identify general equilibrium interactions between markets and in particular the regimes in which unemployment depends on disequilibrium in other markets than the labor markets (money or good). We adress these old questions by introducing search frictions on several markets : adapting the model of credit and labor market imperfections as in Wasmer and Weil (2004), we introduce search in the good market. We therefore attempt to uncover the properties of a simple, three-dimensional non-walrasian economy. We find that the model can easily be solved by blocks : on two of the three markets, the relevant « market tightness » is a constant of parame- ters. Good market tightness is equal to a constant of parameters in the benchmark regime, and even to 1 under simplifying assumptions (stochas- tic Say’s law) The equilibrium in the labor market is affected by other markets with strong complementarities. This leads to several accelerators amplifying productivity shocks, by a factor 2.4 according to our calibration compared to an economy with only frictions in labor markets. Some features of the « regimes » analysis of the neo-Keynesian litera- ture can be recovered under alternative timing assumptions. When good market tightness is high relative to labor market tightness, firms have an incentive to find first consumers and then produce. In this case "re- pressed inflation regime", contracts between matched parties di¤er from the benchmark and tightness of the good market is no longer equal to 1, and is negatively affected by labor market tightness. Credit market tightness remains a constant of parameters.

  2 documents à télécharger

  • Part II (PDF, 602.4 ko)

  • Part I (PDF, 221.4 ko)

• Vendredi 6 novembre 2009 16:30-18:00

  NOTE : MSE — 114

  Michael Rosholm, Aarhus School of Business :
  Experimental evidence on the effectiveness of intensive labour market policies
  Page web de l’intervenant
  (Attention : Changement de jour et de salle)

  Abstract

  This paper presents experimental evidence on the causes of the apparent success of the Danish labour market model during recent decades, where structural unemployment has been lowered from 9 to around 3.5%. The culprit is perceived to be the Flexicurity concept, relying heavily on active labour market policies for several purposes. There are a number of social labour market policy experiments involving further tightening of labour market policies that can shed light on this explanatiion. We study short run effects of intensive ALMPs, long run effects, and substitution effects in the experimental settings, and find robust positive effects of more intensive ALMP regimes.

• Lundi 12 octobre 2009 16:30-18:00

  MSE

  Govert Bijwaard, Netherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic Institute (NIDI) :
  Labour Market Status and Migration Dynamics
  Page web de l’intervenant

  Abstract

  In this empirical paper we assess how labour market transitions and out- and
  repeat migration of immigrants are interrelated. We estimate a multi-state
  multiple spell competing risks model with four states : employed, unemployed
  receiving benefits, out-of-the-labour market (no benefits) and abroad. We
  discuss one-step ahead transitions from all four states and the transition
  probability, including all intermediate transitions, from employment. Based on
  the estimated parameters we simulate the labour-migration dynamics for a
  synthetic cohort to derive relevant economic indicators, e.g. the probability
  of experiencing an unemployment spell.
  For the analysis we use data on recent labour immigrants to The
  Netherlands, which implies that all migrants are (self)-employed at the
  time of arrival. We find that many migrants leave the country after a
  period of no-income. Employment characteristics and the country of origin
  play an important role in explaining the dynamics. The microsimulations of
  synthetic cohorts reveal that many migrants experience unemployment spells,
  but ten years after arrival only a few are unemployed. They also indicate
  that the Credit Crunch will not only increase the unemployment among migrants
  but also departure from the country. An increase in the number of migrants
  from the EU accession countries will lead to more dynamics. We do not expect
  that the recent simplification of the entry of high income migrants will have
  a lasting effect, as many of those migrants leave fast.

  1 document à télécharger

  • Papier (PDF, 607.8 ko)

• Lundi 29 juin 2009 16:30-18:00

  Maison des Sciences Economiques, 106-112, boulevard de L’Hôpital, Paris 13°

  Salle 6^e

  Joel HOROWITZ, Northwestern University :
  Specification testing in nonparametric instrumental variables estimation

  1 document à télécharger

  • info document (PDF, 200.7 ko)

• Lundi 22 juin 2009 16:30-18:00

  Maison des Sciences Economiques, 106-112, boulevard de L’Hôpital, Paris 13°

  Salle 6^e

  Emmanuel DUGUET, Université d’Evry :
  Are young French jobseekers of ethnic immigrant origin discriminated against ? A controlled experiment in the Paris Area

• Lundi 15 juin 2009 16:30-18:00

  salle 6^e

  Marc FERRACCI, Université de Marne-la-vallée :
  Analyzing the anticipation of treatments using data on notification dates

• Lundi 25 mai 2009 16:30-18:00

  Maison des Sciences Economiques, 106-112, boulevard de L’Hôpital, Paris 13°

  ROOM CHANGE Salle 114

  Susanne SCHENNACH, University of Chicago :
  Entropic Latent Variable Integration via Simulation

• Lundi 18 mai 2009 16:30-18:00

  salle 6^e

  Bo HONORE, Princeton University :
  Estimation of a Transformation Model with Truncation, Interval Observation and Time-Varying Covariates

  1 document à télécharger

  • info document (PDF, 304.9 ko)

• Lundi 4 mai 2009 16:30-18:00

  Maison des Sciences Economiques, 106-112, boulevard de L’Hôpital, Paris 13°

  salle 6^e

  Catherine DOZ :
  A two-step estimator for large approximate dynamic factor models based on Kalman ¯ltering

  1 document à télécharger

  • info document (PDF, 312 ko)

• Lundi 27 avril 2009 16:30-18:00

  Maison des Sciences Economiques, 106-112, boulevard de L’Hôpital, Paris 13°

  Salle 6^e

  Fatih GUVENEN, University of Minnesota :
  Taxation of Human Capital and Cross-country Trends in Wage Inequality

  1 document à télécharger

  • info document (PDF, 686.5 ko)

• Lundi 20 avril 2009 16:30-18:00

  Maison des Sciences Economiques, 106-112, boulevard de L’Hôpital, Paris 13°

  Salle 6^e

  Pas de Séminaire

• Lundi 13 avril 2009 16:30-18:00

  Maison des Sciences Economiques, 106-112, boulevard de L’Hôpital, Paris 13°

  Salle 6^e

  Pas de Séminaire

• Lundi 6 avril 2009 16:30-18:00

  Maison des Sciences Economiques, 106-112, boulevard de L’Hôpital, Paris 13°

  Salle 6^e

  Bruce Shearer, Université Laval :
  TBA

• Lundi 6 avril 2009 16:30-18:00

  Maison des Sciences Economiques, 106-112, boulevard de L’Hôpital, Paris 13°

  Salle 6^e

  Bruce SHEARER, Université Laval :
  On the Relevance and Composition of Gifts within the Firm : Evidence from Field Experiments

  1 document à télécharger

  • info document (PDF, 261.7 ko)

• Lundi 30 mars 2009 16:30-18:00

  Maison des Sciences Economiques, 106-112, boulevard de L’Hôpital, Paris 13°

  Salle 6^e

  Andrew CHESHER, University College London :
  Single equation endogenous binary response models

  2 documents à télécharger

  • info document (PDF, 551 ko)

  • Schedule (PDF, 11 ko)

• Lundi 23 mars 2009 16:30-18:00

  Maison des Sciences Economiques, 106-112, boulevard de L’Hôpital, Paris 13°

  Salle 6^e

  Charles MANSKI, Northwestern University :
  Diversified Treatment under Ambiguity

  2 documents à télécharger

  • info document (PDF, 278.3 ko)

  • Schedule for Charles MANSKI (PDF, 11.1 ko)

• Lundi 9 mars 2009 16:30-18:00

  Maison des Sciences Economiques, 106-112, boulevard de L’Hôpital, Paris 13°

  Salle 6^e

  Robert PORTER, Northwestern University

  1 document à télécharger

  • The Effects of Technological Improvements on Offshore Oil and Gas Exploration and Development (PDF, 258.4 ko)

• Lundi 2 mars 2009 16:30-18:00

  Maison des Sciences Economiques, 106-112, boulevard de L’Hôpital, Paris 13°

  Salle 6^e

  Olivier DONNI, Université de Cergy-Pontoise :
  Labor Supply in the Extended Family : Theory and Evidence from South Africa

• Lundi 23 février 2009 16:30-18:00

  Maison des Sciences Economiques, 106-112, boulevard de L’Hôpital, Paris 13°

  Pas de Séminaire

• Lundi 16 février 2009 16:30-18:00

  Maison des Sciences Economiques, 106-112, boulevard de L’Hôpital, Paris 13°

  Salle 6^e

  Pas de Séminaire

• Lundi 9 février 2009 16:30-18:00

  Maison des Sciences Economiques, 106-112, boulevard de L’Hôpital, Paris 13°

  Salle 6^e

  Steffen Huck, University College of London

  2 documents à télécharger

  • comparing charitable fundraising schemes (PDF, 453.7 ko)

  • Testing consumer theory in the field : Private consumption versus charitable goods (PDF, 489.5 ko)

• Lundi 2 février 2009 16:30-18:00

  Maison des Sciences Economiques, 106-112, boulevard de L’Hôpital, Paris 13°

  Salle 6^e

  Shelly LUNDBERG, University of Washington

  1 document à télécharger

  • Decision-making by Children (PDF, 192.2 ko)

• Lundi 26 janvier 2009 16:30-18:00

  Maison des Sciences Economiques, 106-112, boulevard de L’Hôpital, Paris 13°

  Salle 6^e

  Cristian BARTOLUCCI, CEMFI

  1 document à télécharger

  • Gender Wage Gaps Reconsidered : A Structural Approach Using Matched Employer-Employee Data (PDF, 341 ko)

• Lundi 19 janvier 2009 16:30-18:00

  Maison des Sciences Economiques, 106-112, boulevard de L’Hôpital, Paris 13°

  Salle 6^e

  Bernard FORTIN, Université Laval

  1 document à télécharger

  • Are Children Decision-Makers Within the Household ? (PDF, 277.9 ko)

• Lundi 12 janvier 2009 16:30-18:00

  Maison des Sciences Economiques, 106-112, boulevard de L’Hôpital, Paris 13°

  Salle 6^e

  Jérôme ADDA, Univerisyt College London

  1 document à télécharger

  • Labour Market Programmes and Labour Market Outcomes : A study of the Swedish Active Labour Market Interventions (PDF, 360 ko)

• Lundi 5 janvier 2009 16:30-18:00

  Maison des Sciences Economiques, 106-112, boulevard de L’Hôpital, Paris 13°

  Pas de Séminaire

• Lundi 22 décembre 2008 16:30-18:00

  Maison des Sciences Economiques, 106-112, boulevard de L’Hôpital, Paris 13°

  Pas de Séminaire

• Lundi 15 décembre 2008 16:30-18:00

  Maison des Sciences Economiques, 106-112, boulevard de L’Hôpital, Paris 13°

  Salle 6^e

  Andrea ICHINO, University of Bologna

  1 document à télécharger

  • The Political Economy of Intergenerational Income Mobility (PDF, 430.7 ko)

• Lundi 8 décembre 2008 16:30-18:00

  Maison des Sciences Economiques, 106-112, boulevard de L’Hôpital, Paris 13°

  Salle 6^e

  Pierre GRANIER, GREQAM

  1 document à télécharger

  • Le service militaire et l’insertion professionnelle des jeunes suivant leur niveau d’études : les leçons de la suspension de la conscription (PDF, 1.2 Mo)

• Lundi 1er décembre 2008 16:30-18:00

  Maison des Sciences Economiques, 106-112, boulevard de L’Hôpital, Paris 13°

  Salle 6^e

  Bruce FALLICK, Federal Reserve Board

  1 document à télécharger

  • Employment and Wage Consequences of Job Separation in the United States (PDF, 144.2 ko)

• Samedi 29 novembre 2008 12:30-14:00

  Maison des Sciences Economiques, 106-112, boulevard de L’Hôpital, Paris 13°

  Date and time change Salle 6^e

  Hermann VAN DIJK, Erasmus University Rotterdam

  1 document à télécharger

  • Bayesian Forecasting of Value at Risk and Expected Shortfall using Adaptive Importance Sampling (PDF, 2 Mo)

• Lundi 17 novembre 2008 16:30-18:00

  Maison des Sciences Economiques, 106-112, boulevard de L’Hôpital, Paris 13°

  ANNULE

  Séminaire Annulé

• Mercredi 12 novembre 2008 12:30-14:00

  Maison des Sciences Economiques, 106-112, boulevard de L’Hôpital, Paris 13°

  Date and time change Salle 6^e

  Janet CURRIE, Columbia University

  1 document à télécharger

  • Child Health and Young Adult Outcomes (PDF, 274.3 ko)

• Lundi 3 novembre 2008 16:30-18:00

  Maison des Sciences Economiques, 106-112, boulevard de L’Hôpital, Paris 13°

  Pas de Séminaire

• Lundi 27 octobre 2008 16:30-18:00

  Maison des Sciences Economiques, 106-112, boulevard de L’Hôpital, Paris 13°

  Pas de Séminaire

• Lundi 20 octobre 2008 16:30-18:00

  Maison des Sciences Economiques, 106-112, boulevard de L’Hôpital, Paris 13°

  Salle 6^e

  Guido SCHWERDT, IFO

  1 document à télécharger

  • Labor Turnover Before Plant Closure : ’Leaving the Sinking Ship’ vs. ’Captain Throwing Ballast Overboard’ (PDF, 385.8 ko)

• Lundi 13 octobre 2008 16:30-18:00

  Maison des Sciences Economiques, 106-112, boulevard de L’Hôpital, Paris 13°

  Salle 6^e

  Thierry MAGNAC, Université de Toulouse :
  Set Identified Linear Models

• Lundi 6 octobre 2008 16:30-18:00

  Maison des Sciences Economiques, 106-112, boulevard de L’Hôpital, Paris 13°

  Salle 6^e

  Christophe MULLER, Université de Cergy-Pontoise

  1 document à télécharger

  • Focused Transfer Targeting against Poverty (PDF, 301 ko)

• Lundi 29 septembre 2008 16:30-18:00

  Maison des Sciences Economiques, 106-112, boulevard de L’Hôpital, Paris 13°

  Salle 6^e

  Audra BOWLUS, University of Western Ontario

  1 document à télécharger

  • Human Capital Prices, Productivity and Growth (PDF, 1.1 Mo)

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