Séminaires

Paris Migration Economics Seminar

• Prochainement
• Archives

Prochainement

• Jeudi 25 janvier 2024

  ICM-PSE Workshop (Collège de France Ulm)

• Lundi 12 février 2024 12:30-13:30

  R1-14

  VIARENGO Martina (Geneva Graduate Institute) : *

• Lundi 26 février 2024 12:30-13:30

  R1-14

  AGER Philipp (Mannheim University) : *

• Lundi 4 mars 2024 12:30-13:30

  R1-14

  *

• Lundi 18 mars 2024 12:30-13:30

  R1-14

  D AMELIO Tommaso (Université Libre de Bruxelles) : *

  GOBBI Paula (Université Libre de Bruxelles)

• Lundi 15 avril 2024 12:30-13:30

  R1-14

  TURATI Riccardo (Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona) : *

• Lundi 29 avril 2024 12:30-13:30

  R1-14

  EMERIAU Mathilde (SciencesPo) : *

• Lundi 13 mai 2024 12:30-13:30

  R1-14

  RUYSSEN Ilse (Ghent University) : *

Archives

• Lundi 4 décembre 2023 12:30-13:30

  R1.14

  ROSSI Pauline (Ecole Polytechnique - CREST) : Long-run Impacts of Forced Labor Migration on Fertility Behaviors: Evidence from Colonial West Africa

  DUPAS Pascaline

  FALEZAN Camille

  MABEU Marie Christelle

  Résumé

  Is the persistently high fertility in West Africa today rooted in the decades of forced labor migration under colonial rule? We study the case of Burkina Faso, considered the largest labor reservoir in West Africa by the French colonial authorities. Hundreds of thousands of young men were forcibly recruited and sent to work in neighboring colonies for one or two years. The practice started in the late 1910s and lasted until the late 1940s, when forced labor was replaced with voluntary wage employment. We digitize historical maps, combine data from multiple surveys, and exploit the historical, temporary partition of colonial Burkina Faso (and, more specifically, the historical land of the Mossi ethnic group) into three zones with different needs for labor to implement a spatial regression discontinuity design analysis. We find that, on the side of the border where Mossi villages were more exposed to forced labor historically, there is more temporary male migration to Cote d’Ivoire up to today, and lower realized and desired fertility today. We show evidence suggesting that the inherited pattern of low-skill circular migration for adult men reduced the reliance on subsistence farming and the accompanying need for child labor. We can rule out women’s empowerment or improvements in human and physical capital as pathways for the fertility decline. These findings contribute to the debate on the origins of family institutions and preferences, often mentioned to explain West Africa’s exceptional fertility trends, showing that decisions on family formation can change if modes of production change.

• Lundi 20 novembre 2023 12:30-13:30

  R1-14

  GIRAY AKSOY CEVAT (EBRD, King's College London) : *Corruption Exposure, Political Trust, and Immigrants

  Résumé

  Using large-scale survey data covering 38 countries and exploiting origin-country variation across cohorts and surveys, we show that immigrants exposed to institutional corruption before migrating exhibit higher levels of political trust in their new country. Higher trust is observed for national political institutions only and does not carry over to other supra-national institutions and individuals. We report evidence that higher levels of political trust among immigrants persist, leading to greater electoral participation and political engagement in the long run. The impact of home-country corruption on political trust in the destination country is further amplified by large differences in income and democracy levels between the two countries. However, the effect is lessened by exposure to media providing independent information about institutional performance in the destination country. Finally, our extensive analyses indicate that self-selection into host countries based on trust is highly unlikely and the results also hold when focusing only on forced migrants who were unlikely to have been subject to selection.

• Lundi 6 novembre 2023 12:30-13:30

  R1.14

  IMBERT Clément (SciencesPo) : Deforestation and Structural Change in Sub-Saharan Africa

  Résumé

  This paper studies how structural transformation affects deforestation in Sub-Saharan Africa. We first develop a two-sector spatial-equilibrium model with migration and trade. We show that the growth of the non-agricultural sector has ambiguous effects on forest cover: while rural-urban migration can reduce deforestation, rural-urban trade may increase it. We then use region-level data from the 2000s in 17 Sub-Saharan African countries and build two different shift-share instruments to provide evidence of these two mechanisms. We then quantify our model and show that overall the net effect is negative, i.e. that structural transformation reduces deforestation.

• Lundi 9 octobre 2023 12:30-13:30

  R1.14

  YARKIN Alexander (Brown University and LISER) : Learning from the Origins

  Résumé

  How do political preferences and voting behaviors respond to information coming from abroad? Focusing on the international migration network, I document that opinion changes at the origins spill over to 1st- and 2nd-generation immigrants abroad. Local diasporas, social media, and family ties to the origins facilitate the transmission, while social integration at destination weakens it. Using the variation in the magnitude, timing, and type of origin-country exposure to the European Refugee Crisis of 2015, I show that salient events trigger learning from the origins. Welcoming asylum policies at the origins decrease opposition to non-Europeans and far-right voting abroad. Transitory refugee flows through the origins send abroad the backlash. Data from Google Trends and Facebook suggests elevated attention to events at the origins and communication with like-minded groups as mechanisms. Similar spillovers following the passage of same-sex marriage laws show the phenomenon generalizes beyond refugee attitudes.

• Lundi 18 septembre 2023 12:30-13:30

  R1.14

  MASTROBUONI Giovanni (Collegio Carlo Alberto) : Once Upon a Time in America: the Mafia and the Unions

  Andrea Matranga (University of Torino) and Marta Troya-Martinez (New Economic School and CEPR

  Résumé

  With the emergence of the Italian-American mafia, which we show was driven by labor unrest and a demand for protection, as well as immigration from Italy, labor racketeering became one of the most profitable criminal activities. The Mafia infiltrated several labor unions, controlling labor and restricting competition. We identify places and industries that were more likely to be infiltrated, and show that in such places individuals of Italian origin climbed up to leadership positions. In response to the likely support of workers of Italian origin, these workers started earning significantly more than other European immigrants. This suggest that the Mafia was not only using violence to control labor but was paying them rents too. In their fight against organized crime, the US passed the 1970 Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations (RICO) Act. We show that RICO cases, which most likely broke many cartels that were kept in place by the threat of violence, led to subsequent growth in employment, in the number of establishments and even in overall wages. The effects were larger in construction, an industry traditionally prone to mafia influence

• Lundi 12 juin 2023 12:30-13:30

  Salle R2.20, campus jourdan

  ZENOU Yves (Monash University) : Ethnic Mixing in Early Childhood: Evidence from a Randomized Field Experiment and a Structural Model

  Résumé

  We study the social integration of ethnic minority children in the context of an early childhood program conducted in Turkey aimed at preparing 5-year-old native and Syrian refugee children for primary school. We randomly assign children to groups with varying ethnic composition and find that exposure to children of the other ethnicity leads to an increase in the formation of interethnic friendships. We also find that the Turkish language skills of Syrian children are better developed in classes with a larger presence of Turkish children and that these positive effects persist into primary school. We then develop a model of language acquisition and friendship formation, with language skills acting as a key input in the formation of interethnic friendships. Structural estimation of the model suggests that interethnic exposure reduces the share of own-ethnicity friends (homophily) and has a non-monotonic effect on the propensity to form own-ethnicity friendships beyond what would be expected given the size of the group (inbreeding homophily). Counterfactual analysis indicates that the language skills of Syrian children are as important as ethnic bias for the integration of Syrian children.

• Lundi 15 mai 2023 12:30-13:30

  Salle R1.14, Campus Jourdan

  FELFE Christina (U. Würzburg) : On the formation of ingroup bias: The role of ethnic diversity and cultural distance

• Lundi 17 avril 2023 15:00-18:30

  site Ulm du Collège de France

  Workshop joint avec l'Institut Convergences Migrations

  Résumé

  Tom Raster (PSE) Liam Wren-Lewis (PSE) Mathilde Emeriau (LSE)

• Lundi 3 avril 2023 12:30-13:30

  Salle R1.14, Campus Jourdan

  FRATTINI Tommaso (U.Milano) : From Refugees to Citizens: Returns to Naturalization and Labour Market Outcomes

  Résumé

  Refugees typically display weaker socio-economic status, lower well-being and a more fragile integration in host country than comparable immigrants. In contrast with this widespread disadvantage, we document that refugees hold the lead among foreign-born citizens in naturalization rates, largely because of the more favourable naturalization requirements that they typically face. We then analyze the labour market returns to naturalization of refugees and other migrants across European countries. We propose an instrumental variable strategy based on differences in eligibility rules across countries, cohorts, and immigrant status to deal with endogenous selection into naturalization. Our estimates point at large returns from citizenship for refugees: naturalized refugees completely fill the gap with comparable migrants in employment and participation. Positive returns on job quality are observed for other migrants

• Lundi 20 mars 2023 12:30-13:30

  Salle R1.14, Campus Jourdan

  DÉMURGER Sylvie (IAO Lyon/ CNRS) : Migration and financial inclusion - Evidence from rural Chinese households

  Anna Jolivet (U. of Namur)

  Résumé

  This paper assesses the effect of rural-to-urban migration on sending households' financial practices and investigates the various mechanisms possibly driving this effect. China is an attractive case for this study as it combines massive internal migration flows with dramatic changes in financial services over the past 20 years. Using household-level data from rural China in 2018 and applying an instrumental variable approach, we show that the use of financial services by left-behind families is altered by migration. We specifically explore the access to formal savings, the use of digital payments and the types of debts that households take on. We further disaggregate our analysis to investigate any differential impact of migration across various types of households. As far as the mechanisms at stake are concerned, we examine the income effect of remittances on financial practices, as well as changes that may be driven by a transfer of practices and knowledge and/or by a shift in the decision-making power within the household

• Lundi 13 mars 2023 12:30-13:30

  Salle R1.14, Campus Jourdan

  GIUNTELLA Osea (U. Pittsburgh) : Ethnic churches, enclave neighborhoods and immigrant assimilation during the Age of Mass Migration

  Ran Abramitsky et Leah Boustan

  Résumé

  From 1850 to 1913, more than 30 million European immigrants moved to US. Many immigrants lived in segregated enclaves. Did living in immigrant enclaves slow economic and cultural assimilation? To examine this question, we explore variation in the building of ethnic Catholic churches across otherwise similar neighborhoods. We collect data on the universe of Catholic churches in 4 large cities–Boston, Chicago, Philadelphia, New York. We merge with complete-count Census records for detailed information on local residents (1900-1930) and compare residents before and after a new church is constructed to similar neighborhoods using an event-study and a matched difference-in-differences approach. We find that the construction of a new Polish church anchors Polish residents to the neighborhood, slows their cultural assimilation, and reduces their economic assimilation. As a natural placebo, we show that the effects of a construction of a Polish church are not-significant when restricting the analysis to Polish Jews. We instead find little evidence of significant effects among Italians.

• Lundi 13 février 2023 12:30-13:30

  Salle R1.14, Campus Jourdan

  SIGNORELLI Sara (University of Amsterdam) : Talent Flows and the Geography of Knowledge Production: Causal Evidence from Multinational Firms

  with D. Bahar, P. Choudhury, J. Sappenfield

  Résumé

  We investigate how reforms that ease or restrict inventor mobility affect both local and global innovation patterns. Leveraging a unique dataset that merges patent data with exhaustive information on work-related migration reforms that took place in 15 countries over 26 years, we employ a novel event-study approach. Our results show that reforms discouraging inventor mobility decrease the patenting of MNE subsidiaries within a country, while reforms encouraging it have a positive but much smaller effect. Building on the global nature of our exercise, we show that positive (negative) reforms adopted in the U.S. shifted innovation away from (toward) other countries, highlighting the existence of a global competition for talent. Finally, we provide evidence that policies easing migration have facilitated about half of the shift in the global share of innovation toward emerging markets.

• Lundi 30 janvier 2023 12:30-13:30

  Salle R1.09, Campus Jourdan

  MENDOLA Mariapia (Université de Milan-Bicocca) : The Political Backlash to Refugee Settlement: Cultural and Economic Drivers

  with Francesco Campo, Sara Giunti and Giulia Tura

• Lundi 5 décembre 2022 12:30-13:30

  Salle R2.01, Campus Jourdan

  DE LA CROIX David (UC Louvain) : Winners and Losers from the Protestant Reformation: An Analysis of the Network of European Universities

  P. Morault

  Texte intégral [pdf]

• Lundi 21 novembre 2022 10:30-14:30

  Salle R2.01, Campus Jourdan

  CINQUE Andrea (CES) : Joint seminar with IC Migrations

  GONNOT Jérôme (CEPII)

  LISSONI Francesco (Université de Bordeaux)

  ZAPPALÀ Guglielmo (PSE)

• Lundi 17 octobre 2022 12:30-13:30

  Salle R1.15, Campus Jourdan

  STUHLER Jan (U. Carlos III de Madrid) : Immigration and Monopsony: Evidence Across the Distribution of Firms

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  Collège de France Ulm

  ICM-PSE Workshop

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  R1.14

  AGER Philipp (Mannheim University) : *