• Senior Researcher
  • CNRS
Research themes
  • Demography and Household Economics
  • Demography and Migrations
  • Growth
  • Mathematical Economics
  • Pensions
  • Social protection
  • Wealth, income, redistribution and tax policy
Contact

Address :48 Boulevard Jourdan,
75014 Paris, France

Publications HAL

  • Covid-19 and mobility: determinant or consequence? Journal article

    This paper disentangles the relationship between COVID-19 propagation and mobility. In a theoretical model allowing mobility to be endogenously determined by the COVID-19 prevalence rate, we show that an exogenous epidemic shock has an immediate effect on mobility whereas an exogenous mobility shock influences epidemic variables with a delay. In the long run, exogenous disease contagiousness and mobility jointly shape epidemiological outcomes. The short-run theoretical result allows us to recover, empirically, the causal impacts of mobility and COVID-19 hospitalisations on each other in France. We find that hospitalisations are highly sensitive to mobility whereas mobility is little influenced by hospitalisations. In France, it seems therefore that voluntary social distancing would not have been effective to control the epidemic, in the absence of social distancing mandates.

    Author: Dramane Coulibaly Journal: Economic Theory

    Published in

  • L’évolution démographique récente de la France : une position singulière dans l’Union européenne Journal article

    Au 1er janvier 2024, la France comptait 68,4 millions d’habitants, soit 230 000 de plus qu’au 1er janvier 2023. Le solde naturel a atteint un niveau historiquement bas depuis l’après-guerre et depuis 2018, et le solde migratoire est le principal moteur démographique du pays. Deuxième pays le plus peuplé de l’UE27 (15,2 % de la population), la France présente toutefois un accroissement légèrement inférieur à celui de la moyenne européenne et demeure un peu plus jeune que la moyenne de l’UE, mais vieillit plus rapidement. En 2022, les flux d’entrées de ressortissants de pays tiers ont augmenté et atteignent le niveau le plus élevé depuis 2000 (282 957 personnes). L’année 2022 est marquée par une augmentation conséquente de la part des flux pour raisons professionnelles (+ 4 points) et par une féminisation de ces derniers (+ 15 points). La France est le 5e pays de l’UE27 pour le flux migratoire, mais se trouve seulement en 21e position si l’on tient compte de la taille de la population. En 2023, la baisse historique du nombre de naissances est la conséquence de celle de la fécondité (1,67 enfant par femme), niveau le plus faible observé depuis l’après-guerre. La baisse concerne tous les groupes d’âges. Le profil de la fécondité par âge en France est proche de celui des pays d’Europe de l’Ouest et du Nord, et la proportion de naissances hors mariage y est la plus élevée d’Europe (65,2 %). En 2023, le nombre d’avortements augmente pour la deuxième année consécutive, et 8 avortements sur 10 sont désormais médicamenteux. Quand on rapporte ce chiffre au nombre de femmes de 15 à 49 ans, la France enregistre, avec la Suède, le taux de recours à l’avortement le plus élevé d’Europe, mais c’est aussi un des pays où la réglementation est la moins restrictive. Le nombre de mariages augmente très légèrement en 2023, tout comme celui des pacs en 2022 (année la plus récente disponible), mais le rattrapage post-Covid n’est que partiel. La part des pacs et des mariages entre personnes de même sexe reste relativement stable en 2023 et, avec un âge moyen au mariage qui continue d’augmenter, la France se rapproche des pays du Sud et de l’Ouest de l’Europe, où le mariage est moins précoce que dans les pays de l’Est. En baisse depuis 3 ans, le nombre de décès reste plus élevé que celui observé avant la pandémie (2019). En revanche, l’espérance de vie en 2023 est supérieure à celle de 2019, pour les hommes comme pour les femmes, même si le rebond en France est inférieur à celui observé dans d’autres pays d’Europe. Comparée aux autres pays européens, la mortalité française reste relativement basse aux âges plus élevés, mais le pays montre un retard important et croissant pour la mortalité infantile. L’écart de mortalité entre les hommes et les femmes est plus élevé que dans la moyenne européenne, même s’il continue de baisser. Le cancer est la première cause de mortalité en France, alors qu’il s’agit des maladies cardiovasculaires à l’échelle européenne.

    Author: Didier Breton, Justine Chaput Journal: Population (édition française)

    Published in

  • Recent Demographic Trends in France. Do Men and Women Behave Differently? Journal article

    On 1 January 2023, the population of France was 68 million, 200,000 more than on 1 January 2022. The number of births decreased in 2022 while deaths increased. Consequently, natural increase dipped to an all-time low, contributing less to population growth than net migration. France was among just six of the 27 European Union member countries with positive natural increase in 2022, but as net migration was quite low, its population growth was half that of the European Union as a whole. In 2021, admissions of third-country nationals requiring a residence permit were higher than in 2020, returning to the level recorded before the COVID-19 pandemic. In 2022, the total fertility rate fell to 1.8 children per women, its lowest level in 20 years. That said, fertility should reach replacement level up to the 1992 birth cohort at least. Men have higher fertility than women, mainly because of births beyond age 50. The number of abortions increased between 2021 and 2022, and abortion rates were especially high at ages of peak fertility. The share of medical abortions and of abortions managed by a midwife continued to increase. The number of marriages increased in 2022, among different-sex couples especially, due partly to the catch-up of marriages that could not be celebrated in 2020 and 2021. The number of PACS civil unions fell, however, due to a decrease among different-sex couples, although PACS unions between same-sex couples reached a record high. The age difference between partners fell slightly, but still persists, between male same-sex partners especially. Despite a slowing of the COVID-19 pandemic, the number of deaths remained high in 2022. Two flu epidemics and three heatwaves resulted in 45,800 excess deaths. Life expectancy at birth increased in 2022 for both sexes but did not return to its pre-pandemic level. France is still among the Western European countries with the highest gender gap in life expectancy (6 years), although it has been narrowing steadily since 1980.

    Author: Didier Breton, Justine Chaput Journal: Population (English edition)

    Published in

  • Vaccination under pessimistic expectations in clinical trials and immunization campaigns Journal article

    We provide one of the first formalizations of a vaccination campaign in a decisiontheoretic framework. We analyse a model where an ambiguity-averse individual must decide how much effort to invest into prevention in the context of a rampant disease. We study how ambiguity aversion affects the effort and the estimation of the vaccine efficacy in clinical trials and immunization campaigns. We find that the behaviours of individuals participating in a clinical trial differ from individuals not participating. Individuals who are more optimistic toward vaccination participate more in trials. Their behaviours and efforts are also affected. As a result, because vaccine efficacy depends on unobserved behaviours and efforts, the biological effect of the vaccine becomes difficult to evaluate. During the scale-up phase of a vaccination campaign, provided that vaccine efficacy is established, we show that vaccine hesitancy may still be rational.

    Author: Josselin Thuilliez Journal: Journal of Public Economic Theory

    Published in

  • The Employment of Older Workers Book section

    The participation of older workers in the labor market has increased in most high-income countries since the mid-1990s. This can be explained by changes in the characteristics of recent generations of older workers. The labor supply is healthier and better trained and includes more women. This can also be explained by reforms of retirement systems and of health and unemployment insurance systems, even if modifications may still be required to guarantee sustainability. In addition, recurring concerns about the productivity of older workers and their ability to adapt to technological change seem unfounded and likely to stem from prejudice against them. Finally, the promises associated with greater flexibility in working conditions have not, to date, led to a significant increase in the work of older individuals.

    Editor: Routledge

    Published in

Tabs

Hippolyte d’Albis is a senior researcher at CNRS, currently on leave at the French Ministry of Finance. He is also professor at the Paris School of Economics, deputy-president of the Cercle des économistes, columnist at Les Echos, director of the French team of the National Transfer Accounts network, co-director of the French Regional Database, associate editor of the Journal of Demographic Economics and the Journal of the Economics of Ageing and member of the editorial advisory board of the Public Finance Review. A bio can be downloaded here: bio.docx

Hippolyte d’Albis est directeur de recherche au CNRS, détaché à l’Inspection générale des finances. Il est aussi professeur à l’École d’économie de Paris, vice-président du Cercle des économistes, chroniqueur aux Echos, directeur de l’équipe française du réseau des Comptes de transferts nationaux, codirecteur de la French Regional Database, éditeur associé du Journal of Demographic Economics et du Journal of the Economics of Ageing et membre du comité éditorial de Public Finance Review. Une biographie peut être téléchargée ici : bio.docx

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