Thesis: This dissertation analyzes different ways in which climate change and climatic phenomena can impact economic outcomes in low and middle income countries. The first chapter studies the migration responses following droughts in Malawi according to gender and stated motive of migration (for marriage and work-related reasons); in particular, how marriage-related institutions affect such migration patterns. The second chapter contributes to the literature on air pollution and health by assessing an additional channel, the effect of El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO or El Niño-La Niña events) on health. Unlike previous studies, it jointly investigates the effects of ENSO, air pollution and local weather on health at birth for the case of Bogotá. The final chapter analyzes how rural households in Colombia adapt to droughts and extreme heat, by exploring standard approaches and proposing an alternative way to capture climate and weather shocks on agricultural productivity. The different chapters explore the consequences of weather variability and climatic phenomena for rural households and individuals in different countries. The dissertation shows not only the different effects in rural and urban contexts of climatic variability, but also, that the relationships can be very complex across different domains, and context-dependent. The dissertation addresses empirically the different questions by merging information of surveys and administrative data with remote sensing information.