Book section: The introduction of La Desigualdad en España lays out the importance of understanding economic inequality not only in terms of its impact on individual freedoms but also on social and economic growth. The text challenges common myths in Spanish public discourse, such as the notions that inequality is necessary for freedom or that it fosters economic development. It argues that inequality limits freedom by disproportionately affecting the opportunities and agency of individuals, particularly those from disadvantaged backgrounds. Furthermore, the introduction emphasizes that inequality undermines meritocracy by disproportionately rewarding privileged individuals while ignoring the efforts of those less fortunate. Lastly, it debunks the myth that economic growth requires inequality, instead positing that it leads to inefficiencies and hinders sustainable and inclusive development. Through a transdisciplinary approach with contributions from more than thirty experts, the book aims to provide comprehensive insights into the causes, consequences, and potential solutions to inequality in Spain, drawing on research across multiple social science disciplines.