Journal article: The Colonial Transplant in the French Metropole. “French Muslims from Algeria” in the 1954 Census From 1947 to 1962, the specific status of French Indigenous Muslims from colonial Algeria changed tremendously, getting closer to that of “French from Algeria”. This is particularly the case for Algerian residing in the French metropole who were, in theory at least, deemed French like anyone else. However, in practice, colonial migrants from Algeria living in France worried the French administration and endured a specific-discriminatory-treatment. In particular, although it was illegal, they were specifically identified in administrative documents, referred to as “French Muslims from Algeria”. This paper mobilizes the 1954 Census to look at the ways Algerian living in France were identified. It argues that the colonial context influenced the design and implementation of the census, leading the Metropolitan administrative officials to breach their usual identification practices