Conference paper: Uncertainties persist in sub-Saharan Africa regarding both the availability of land which could be put under cultivation as well as the potential for an important improvement in yields. In order to shed light on these questions, this paper analyzes in detail the evolution of land use and agricultural productivity in Ghana over the period 1991-2005. We use data from three di erent sources, the Ghana Living Standards Survey (GLSS), the Food and Agricultural Organisation data and satellite imagery. We document how, and under which conditions, a household survey such as the GLSS can be used to measure the evolution over time of aggregate land use, agricultural production and yields in a developing country like Ghana. We then show that the surface of land farmed per capita has increased over the period, resulting in a twofold increase of the total land under cultivation in Ghana. We provide indirect evidence that the expansion of land under cultivation is mainly shortening of fallows in the southern forest region and new land put under cultivation in the northern savannah region. Altogether we nd little evidence of an emerging land constraint in the agricultural sector in Ghana.