Thesis: Demographic ageing in France raises sustainability issues on pension system and long term care allowance. These issues lead to pension reforms that increase claiming age, and to several evolutions of long termcare policies. This thesis aims at improving the knowledge concerning these policies’ implications. A first part focuses on the impact of retirement on health. Chapter 1 sums up evidences from previous studies about the impact of delayed retirement on health. Chapters 2 and 3 respectively focus on the impact of later retirement on mortality and healthcare expenditure. They show that later retirement due to the 1993 French pension reform has no impact on mortality and decreases healthcare expenditure. The second part of this thesis focuses on the long term care policies in France. Chapter 4 uses a microsimulation model to project future needs for long term care. The estimated number of disabled elderly in 2060 reaches 3.63 millions, with a morbidity expansion. Chapter 5 focuses on the impact of a variation of formal care on informal care use. An increase in formal care is found to slightly decrease the probability to report informal care use.